2^nd International Conference on Fluid Dynamics & Aerodynamics October 19-20, 2017 Rome, Italy

The branch of science which deals with the motion and effect of various forces on fluid is called fluid dynamics. It is a sub discipline of fluid mechanics. Further it opens the gateway to study aerodynamics (motion of air and other gases) and hydrodynamic (motion of liquids). Citing the wide range of application and ongoing research on the subject across the world, it becomes a topic of utmost importance for the future prospects.

Fluid dynamics helps us to understand the various aspects of nature like ocean currents, weather pattern and even blood circulation. Some of the technological and industrial features are 1

1 calculating mass flow rate in the pipeline

2 calculating various forces on aircrafts

3 understanding the dynamics of wind turbine and rocket engine

Further classification of the fluids categorize it as Newtonian fluid and non-Newtonian fluid, fluid flow can be classified as laminar and turbulent etc. CFD conference finds wide applications in industries like Automotive, part and Defence, Electrical and physical science, and Energy  

CFD conference finds wide applications in industries like Automotive, part and Defence, Electrical and physical science, and Energy. Within the part and Defence business, CFD is employed to style fuel systems, engine core compartments, cockpit and cabin ventilation, missiles, and submarines, and additionally in aeromechanics style.

The early history is given of the prolific development of CFD conference  ways within the Fluid Dynamics cluster (T-3) at town National Laboratory within the years from 1958 to the late Sixties. several of the presently used numerical methods PIC, MAC, Vorticity-stream-function, ICE, beer ways and therefore the k-e methodology for turbulence- originated throughout now. The remainder of the paper summarizes this analysis in T-3 for CFD, turbulence and solids modelling. The analysis areas embrace reactive flows, multi material flows, point flows and flows with spacial discontinuities. additionally summarized square measure trendy particle ways and techniques developed for big scale computing on massively parallel computing platforms and distributed processors.

Fluid dynamics is a vast subject with multiple practical applications in day to day life, citing the requirement of the speedy and accuracy orientated results the computational fluid dynamics has a significant role to play. CFD uses numerical analysis and algorithm to analyse the problems of fluid flow and better and accurate results can be achieved using supercomputer .various researches has been carried out to develop software’s which can yield accurate results of complex problems of turbulent flow .the fundamentals of CFD comes from naviers stokes theorem. Methods were first developed to solve the linearized potential equations but further The computer power available paced development of three dimensional method.

Study of naturally accruing large scale flow on the earth surface and other planet is called geophysical fluid dynamics. The basic field for study is the flow of oceanic current and the air around the earth as well as the other planet. Two major phenomena due to planetary rotation are rotation of the fluid and stratification. To describe the nature of geophysical fluid once need to consider it as Newtonian fluid which follows linear relationship between shear stress τ and strain u and the equations involved are conservation of momentum (newton second law) and conservation of energy.

It defines the interchange of thermal energy, between material systems depending on the heat and mass by disintegrating heat. The essential modes of heat transfer are transference or diffusion, convection and radiation. It includes Nuclear energy, Heat transfer in fire and ignition and Heat transfer in automated equipment and fluid mechanics equipment.

Aerodynamics is a sub discipline of fluid dynamics which deals with the movement of air around a solid object. Eg interaction of aeroplane wings with air, study of motion of air around the object is called flow field, which helps in calculating various forces and moments on the exposed objet. The basic forces involved are lift, drag, thrust and weight. computational fluid dynamics has fuelled the effort to study the motion of air around complex objects which leads to designing the aircraft from computer which is followed by wind tunnel test and flight test. Research further went to design subsonic, supersonic, hypersonic aircrafts. The other aspect of aerodynamic is internal aerodynamic which deals with the flow through passages in solid objects eg. Study of air flow through jet engine or through an air conditioning pipe. 

Due to the nonlinearity of the governing equations it is very difficult to predict the sound production of fluid flows. This sound production occurs typically at high speed flows, for which nonlinear inertial terms in the equation of motion are much larger than the viscous terms (high Reynolds numbers). As sound production represents only a very minute fraction of the energy in the flow the direct prediction of sound generation is very difficult. This is particularly dramatic in free space and at low subsonic speeds. The fact that the sound field is in some sense a small perturbation of the flow can however, be used to obtain approximate solutions. Aero-acoustics provides such approximations and at the same time a definition of the acoustical field as an extrapolation of an ideal reference flow. The difference between the actual flow and the reference flow is identified as a source of sound. 

Electrically conducting fluid such as plasmas, salt water and liquid metal contain some magnetic properties and studying properties of such fluids is called magneto-hydrodynamic. MHD can be explained by two different theorems one is naiver- stroke equation for fluid dynamics and Maxwell equation for electromagnetism, which induces the concept that magnetic field can induce current in moving conducting fluid. There are multiple example based on the application of the MHD, Example Ranging from geophysics ,earthquakes ,astrophysics ,sensors etc. the concept of MHD was first introduced by Hannes Alfven for which he received novel prize in 1970 in physics.

To determine the best shape and design for the minimum friction coefficient and hence the maximum efficiency can be achieved by aerodynamic simulation, simulation generates data with defined boundaries to meet the experiments objective. Hence it forms a virtual world which can be compared with real conditions and assist in improvising the design specifications accordingly. 

With the development of the research field, scientist started devouring the the flow phenomena in the biological system and its affects.  In relation to this, the application of fluid mechanics to biological systems in particular to the human cardiovascular system, is a rapidly emerging field that requires a deep strong knowledge of fluid mechanics as well as nonlinear solid mechanics, and specific technical methods for handling fluid-solid interacting systems. This field introduces important theoretical issues to be addressed. It involves the interaction of fluid with biological systems, as well as with technological devices. The study of flows in prosthetic elements, extra-corporeal flow systems, micro-devices involves a broad range of industrial fluid mechanics that is also part of the curriculum study.

Thermo fluid dynamics is the combine study of

 Heat transfer

Thermodynamics

Fluid mechanics

Combustion

These subjects altogether play a critical role in determining the efficiency and performance of the machines, hence the design specification of the machines. it deals with the conversion of energy from one form to another. It also describes the various forces involved in fluid flow, which further divided into fluid kinematics and fluid dynamics. Some of the application of fluid mechanics is Pump Design, Hydro-Electric Power Generation and naval Naval Architecture.