3^rd International Conference on Fluid Dynamics & Aerodynamics October 25-26, 2018 Berlin, Germany

Fluid Flow is a part of fluid mechanics and deals with fluid dynamics. Fluids such as gases and liquids in motion are called as fluid flow. Motion of a fluid is subjected to unbalanced forces or stresses. The motion continues as long as unbalanced forces are applied. The flow continues as long as water is available. Fluid is a substance, such as liquid or gas that can flow, has no fixed shape and offers little resistance that has no external stress. Flow is defined as the quantity of fluid (gas, liquid, vapour or sublimate) that passes a point per unit time.

A turbomachine is a device where machine transfers energy (mechanical energy) in the form of shaft work, is transferred either to or from a continuously flowing fluid by the dynamic action of rotating blade rows. 

 The work principle of turbo machine: the energy transfer being carried out by the action of one or more rotating blade rows. The dynamic action of rotating blades sets up forces between the blades and fluid while the components of these forces in the direction of blade motion give rise to the energy transfer between the blades and fluid.

Hydraulics is concerned with the practical applications of fluids, primarily liquids in motion. It is related to fluid mechanics, which in large part provides its theoretical foundation. Hydraulics deals with such matters as the flow of liquids in pipes, rivers, and channels and their confinement by dams and tanks. Some of its principles apply also to gases, usually in cases in which variations in density are relatively small. Consequently, the scope of hydraulics extends to such mechanical devices as fans and gas turbines and to pneumatic control systems.

Turbine is a device that converts the energy in a stream of fluid into mechanical energy. The conversion is generally accomplished by passing the fluid through a system of stationary passages or vanes that alternate with passages consisting of finlike blades attached to a rotor. By arranging the flow so that a tangential force, or torque, is exerted on the rotor blades, the rotor turns, and work is extracted.

A turbine is a machine that transforms rotational energy from a fluid that is picked up by a rotor system into usable work or energy.  Turbines achieve this either through mechanical gearing or electromagnetic induction to produce electricity. Types of turbines include steam turbines, wind turbines, gas turbines or water turbines. Mechanical uses of turbine power go back to ancient Greece. The first wind wheels relied upon gearing and shafts to power machinery. Windmills and water wheels are forms of turbines too and might drive a millstone to grind grain, among other purposes.

Microfluidics is the study of precise control and manipulation of fluids that are geometrically restricted to a small, generally sub millimetre, range. It has application in multidisciplinary field like engineering, physics, chemistry, biochemistry, nanotechnology, and biotechnology, from practical applications to the design of systems in which low volumes of fluids are used to achieve multiplexing, automation, etc Microfluidics emerged in the beginning of the 1980s and is used in the development of inkjet print heads, DNA chips, lab-on-a-chip technology, micro-propulsion, and micro-thermal technologies.

Fluid dynamics is a vast subject with multiple practical applications in day to day life, citing the requirement of the speedy and accuracy orientated results the computational fluid dynamics has a significant role to play. CFD uses numerical analysis and algorithm to analyse the problems of fluid flow and better and accurate results can be achieved using supercomputer .various researches has been carried out to develop software’s which can yield accurate results of complex problems of turbulent flow .the fundamentals of CFD comes from naviers stokes theorem. Methods were first developed to solve the linearized potential equations but further The computer power available paced development of three dimensional method.

It defines the interchange of thermal energy, between material systems depending on the heat and mass by disintegrating heat. The essential modes of heat transfer are transference or diffusion, convection and radiation. It includes Nuclear energy, Heat transfer in fire and ignition and Heat transfer in automated equipment and fluid mechanics equipment.

Aerodynamics is a sub discipline of fluid dynamics which deals with the movement of air around a solid object. Eg interaction of aeroplane wings with air, study of motion of air around the object is called flow field, which helps in calculating various forces and moments on the exposed objet. The basic forces involved are lift, drag, thrust and weight. computational fluid dynamics has fuelled the effort to study the motion of air around complex objects which leads to designing the aircraft from computer which is followed by wind tunnel test and flight test. Research further went to design subsonic, supersonic, hypersonic aircrafts. The other aspect of aerodynamic is internal aerodynamic which deals with the flow through passages in solid objects eg. Study of air flow through jet engine or through an air conditioning pipe. 

Due to the nonlinearity of the governing equations it is very difficult to predict the sound production of fluid flows. This sound production occurs typically at high speed flows, for which nonlinear inertial terms in the equation of motion are much larger than the viscous terms (high Reynolds numbers). As sound production represents only a very minute fraction of the energy in the flow the direct prediction of sound generation is very difficult. This is particularly dramatic in free space and at low subsonic speeds. The fact that the sound field is in some sense a small perturbation of the flow can however, be used to obtain approximate solutions. Aero-acoustics provides such approximations and at the same time a definition of the acoustical field as an extrapolation of an ideal reference flow. The difference between the actual flow and the reference flow is identified as a source of sound. 

The early history is given of the prolific development of CFD conference  ways within the Fluid Dynamics cluster (T-3) at town National Laboratory within the years from 1958 to the late Sixties. several of the presently used numerical methods PIC, MAC, Vorticity-stream-function, ICE, beer ways and therefore the k-e methodology for turbulence- originated throughout now. The remainder of the paper summarizes this analysis in T-3 for CFD, turbulence and solids modelling. The analysis areas embrace reactive flows, multi material flows, point flows and flows with spacial discontinuities. additionally summarized square measure trendy particle ways and techniques developed for big scale computing on massively parallel computing platforms and distributed processors.

The division of science concerned with forces acting on or exerted by fluids (especially liquids). It is also physics having to do with the motion and action of water and other liquids; dynamics of liquids which is simply concerned with the mechanical properties of fluids. It is the sub discipline of fluid dynamics that deals with liquids, including hydrostatics and hydrokinetics. It is a scientific study of the motion of fluids, especially non-compressible liquids, under the influence of internal and external forces.

To determine the best shape and design for the minimum friction coefficient and hence the maximum efficiency can be achieved by aerodynamic simulation, simulation generates data with defined boundaries to meet the experiments objective. Hence it forms a virtual world which can be compared with real conditions and assist in improvising the design specifications accordingly. 

With the development of the research field, scientist started devouring the the flow phenomena in the biological system and its affects.  In relation to this, the application of fluid mechanics to biological systems in particular to the human cardiovascular system, is a rapidly emerging field that requires a deep strong knowledge of fluid mechanics as well as nonlinear solid mechanics, and specific technical methods for handling fluid-solid interacting systems. This field introduces important theoretical issues to be addressed. It involves the interaction of fluid with biological systems, as well as with technological devices. The study of flows in prosthetic elements, extra-corporeal flow systems, micro-devices involves a broad range of industrial fluid mechanics that is also part of the curriculum study.

Thermo fluid dynamics is the combine study of

 Heat transfer

Thermodynamics

Fluid mechanics

Combustion

These subjects altogether play a critical role in determining the efficiency and performance of the machines, hence the design specification of the machines. it deals with the conversion of energy from one form to another. It also describes the various forces involved in fluid flow, which further divided into fluid kinematics and fluid dynamics. Some of the application of fluid mechanics is Pump Design, Hydro-Electric Power Generation and naval Naval Architecture.